摘要：Mesoscale and submesoscale eddies are generated only in areas with unstable oceanic flows, such as oceanic fronts, island wakes and oceanic jets, however, the movement of eddies makes them as ubiquitous features throughout the oceans. Oceanic eddies play an important role in oceanic heat, freshwater, nutrient and sediment transports and variation in the wind and rainfall as well. Their prominent signatures at the sea surface height, temperature, and ocean color have rendered satellite remote sensing data effective in surface eddy observation. However, vertical structures of oceanic eddies are unknown through these surface observations but they are indispensible to understand eddy influences, especially eddy-induced transports. In an open ocean, Argo floats available provides one potential solution: when an Argo float is collocated with an eddy, its temperature and salinity vertical profiles can be used to estimate vertical variations by the eddy and then eddy-induced heat and freshwater transports can be estimated. Satellite remote sensing data have been used to diagnose the imprint of oceanic eddies on winds and rainfall in the Kuroshio Extension region. In a coastal ocean, in-situ measurement has to be made to reveal an eddy’s vertical structure. As an example, a synergistic experiment for an eddy measurement was conducted with aircraft-borne remote sensing, a swift research vessel and sea surface drifters in a coastal area.
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